![]() Famous examples of these include the San Andreas Fault of California, the Alpine Fault of New Zealand's south island, and the Anatolian Fault in Turkey. The fault plane is usually vertical and can be horizontal. A transform (oceanic) or strike-slip (continental) fault is one where the relative motion is horizontal.They are characteristic of collision origins. Reverse and thrust faults shorten (horizontally) and thicken the crust. It is shown on the geologic map with triangular teeth pointing toward the upthrown side of the fault. A reverse fault (if steeply dipping) or thrust fault (if shallowly dipping) is a fault where the fault plane dips toward the upthrown block.It is shown on geologic maps as a black line with either a block pattern on the downthrown side, or the letters U/D showing the upthrown and downthrown sides. (b) Strike-slip fault classification for left- and right-lateral strike-slip faults (cool and warm tones, respectively): tectonic terrain boundaries (dark blue yellow), primary strike-slip faults (light blue orange), and reactivated linear features (green red). Normal faults occur in rifted terranes, such as Mid-Ocean Ridges, the African Rift, and the Basin and Range Province of western North America. Unique numbers identify each fault (Table S1). ![]() A normal fault is one where the fault dips toward the downthrown block.Large faults within Earth's crust result from the action of plate tectonic forces, with the largest forming the boundaries between the plates, such as the megathrust faults of subduction zones or transform faults. The angle between the fault plane and an imaginary horizontal plane is called the dip angle of the fault. In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements. When it is exposed at the Earth's surface, it may form a cliff or steep slope called a fault scarp. The fracture itself is called a fault plane. This sometimes makes earthquakes.įaulting occurs when shear stress on a rock overcomes the forces which hold it together. They are connected on both ends to other faults. A transform fault is a type of strike-slip fault wherein the relative horizontal slip is accommodating the movement between two ocean ridges or other tectonic boundaries. Here, sections of rock move past each other. Keypoints: A transform fault accommodates relative horizontal slip between other tectonic elements, such as oceanic plates. The San Andreas Fault, a right-lateral strike-slip fault caused the massive 1906 San Francisco earthquakeĪ fault is a fracture, or break, in the Earth's crust ( lithosphere).
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